To address uncertainties, two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) methods have been widely used for power system operation and planning problems. However, solving TSRO problems with integer recourses of ...

As a pivotal technology for 5G and future mobile communication systems, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has demonstrated the potential to substantially enhance spectral efficiency.

Issuers tack it on so that the whole card number will satisfy a specific mathematical test—the Luhn algorithm. Here’s how the algorithm works: Write out all but the last digit of the card number.