Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...

And, in terms of flexibility, sustainability, and cost, continuous-mode manufacturing has advantages over both standard fed-batch and intensified and optimized fed-batch (IO-FB) approaches.

Fed-batch and batch bioprocessing still dominate monoclonal antibody (mAb) production, but that must change if mAbs are to become economically viable therapeutic options. Current production techniques ...