A data file that is not related to or does not contain any linkages to another file. It is generally used for stand-alone lists. When files must be related (customers to orders, vendors to purchases, ...

A database that maintains a set of separate, related files (tables), but combines data elements from the files for queries and reports when required. The concept was developed in 1970 by Edgar Codd, ...

The data has been organised into a table structure with appropriate data types. It is persistent, which means the data will be stored if the computer is turned off or there is power failure.

Businesses often have to move data around the way construction companies move dirt. A tool like SSIS, designed to transfer and transform large amounts of data, helps take care of the heavy lifting.