CastleRAT and CastleLoader, active since March 2025, spread malware via phishing and GitHub repos, enabling data theft.

The developers built malware before and participated in competitions used as recruiting platforms for Chinese state hackers.

When attackers compromised Ultralytics YOLO, a popular real-time object detection machine-learning package for Python, most assumed the Python Package Index, or PyPI, must be the point of failure.