Addressing this, an index modulation with beamforming (IM-BF) code is proposed to enhance the transmission for the user, and a quadrature reflection modulation with beamforming (QRM-BF) code is ...

In the proposed scheme, a freely tunable two-tone pump is generated by passing the optical carrier through two cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DPMZMs), with one acting as a frequency ...