Special attention is paid to the most basic logic in this hierarchy, the pure "intelim logic", which satisfies all the requirements of a natural deduction system (allowing both introduction and ...

Propositional logic is also called propositional calculus, sentential logic, statement logic and sentence logic. It is a formalism that is useful for analyzing certain arguments (deductions) that ...

A propositional system of modal logic is second-order if it contains quantifiers ∀p and ∃p, which, in the standard interpretation, are construed as ranging over sets of possible worlds (propositions).

Outline of topics Ever since modern symbolic logic was consolidated (in the mid 1900s), the standard format for an introductory logic class has been to learn the classical predicate calculus in three ...