Understanding algorithms’ behaviour is particularly urgent in the existing digital-advertising “ecosystem”, in which individual users of software are, in effect, in their own Skinner boxes ...

Encryption is essential for protecting data, with both symmetric and asymmetric methods offering unique advantages.

The problem is that shadowbanning can be seen as an algorithmic bias against certain groups of people. Apps can be programmed via algorithms to avoid and even eliminate specified content ...

4th level Designing an algorithm Pseudocode Before designing an algorithm it is important to first understand what the problem is.

3rd level Designing an algorithm Pseudocode Before designing an algorithm it is important to first understand what the problem is.