The 12 Steps of A.A, create more than behavioral change. They promote transformation of one's character. An inventory of one's character defects identifies the "ism' of alcoholism.

Jeroen K. Vermunt, Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches, Political Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Autumn 2010), pp. 450-469 ...