In this test circuit, the op amp is placed in a unity-gain buffer configuration with its noninverting input grounded. Current meters are placed at both op amp inputs in order to measure Ib+ and Ib−, ...

Op amp noise is a deep subject, and detailing how to perform complete noise calculations is beyond the scope of this article. For a more complete journey into the topic, including techniques for ...

The op-amps used are bit old-school FET devices, but aside from the high impedance input their performance is hardly critical. Yet another op-amp circuit to hold in reserve should you ever need to ...