4D/5D打印在个性化营养配方、疾病定制食品及多功能创新开发中展现潜力，但仍面临技术标准化、社会接受度等挑战。 未来需突破智能材料稳定性、多尺度结构设计等瓶颈，以实现实时感知、自适应变化的智能打印愿景。

Like 3D, the 4D novelty soon wore off and the water sprinklers and bubble generators were confined to theme parks throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Despite 3D film-based simulation rides combining high ...