The first randomized phase 2 trial to evaluate outcomes for spinal cord stimulation finds an advantage for an investigational closed-loop system over open-loop.

Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop So where exactly does open-loop end and closed-loop begin? The line seems clear for some systems, but muddy for others. How much feedback is enough to qualify?

Should you install a closed-loop or open-loop geothermal heating and cooling system? The advantages of closed-loop can save money.

With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid closed-loop systems* automatically regulate insulin delivery.

This new study of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from France and Belgium investigated the effectiveness of insulin delivery via closed-loop and open-loop systems.

Once completed, the checklist can always be continuously improved upon based on lessons learned and other people’s input, so that reusing an open-loop system will be a cost-effective solution. For ...

Open-loop systems lack support for more flexible fare structures unless layered with complex eligibility processes or closed-loop add-ons. Technology must be built with inclusivity in mind from ...