In the wave of deep integration between the digital economy and the real economy, B2B e-commerce platforms have become the core vehicle for enterprises to reconstruct supply chain ecosystems and ...

The integrity principles for an ATM system architecture include system design guidelines; hardware and software measures for fault detection, isolation and resilience; criteria for ensuring message ...

In the rapid development of cloud computing and distributed systems today, microservice architecture and cloud-native technologies have become core driving forces for enterprise digital transformation ...

An operating system designed to work in a network. More complex than a centralized or decentralized architecture, each computer in a distributed system operates and scales independently but is ...

A distributed system is comprised of multiple computing devices interconnected with one another via a loosely-connected network. Almost all computing systems and applications today are distributed in ...

Yet they are managed as a single, cohesive system. Unlike centralized or hybrid approaches, distributed cloud treats geographic and architectural diversity as a feature, not a compromise.

Much as the OS evolved to provide the fundamental building blocksof standalone system-development platforms, real-time middleware hasevolved to address the distributed-systems development challenges ...

In particular, distributed stochastic gradient descent intensively invokes all-reduce operations for gradient update, which dominates communication time during iterative training epochs. In this work, ...